Aerospace Systems Technical Group

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  • 1.  November '25

    Posted 7 hours ago

    Recent Publications

    By Anika Shafi from the University of Waterloo


    Reviewing Fatigue in Aviation: The Relative Importance of Fatigue Antecedents for Eight Occupational Groups

    Maximilian Peukert, Michaela Schwarz, and Harald Kolrep

    Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors

    The scoping review examined 130 studies to identify fatigue antecedents across various aviation occupational groups. Findings were clustered into person-related, time/schedule-related, and workplace/task-related factors for eight groups: ATCO (Air Traffic Control Officers) and ATCA (Air Traffic Control Assistants), ATSEP (Air Traffic Service Electronic Personnel) and AMP (Aircraft Maintenance Personnel), ground crew, cabin crew, civil helicopter pilots and HEMS (Helicopter Emergency Medical Service), civil short- and long-haul pilots, general aviation and student pilots and flight instructors. For ATCO and ATCA, primary antecedents were shift type (early, night), time on task, consecutive shifts, high workload, and sleep deprivation. In ATSEP and AMP, studies consistently identified shift work as a major antecedent. For ground crew, open-basket workplace (increased noise, distractions), younger age, and time on shift produced large effect sizes. The primary antecedents of cabin crew fatigue were reported to be flight duration, time awake, and irregular working hours. In both civil helicopter pilots and HEMS and short- and long-haul pilot groups, large effect sizes were primarily observed for time/schedule-related antecedents. In general aviation, no effect sizes were reported and only time-/schedule-related and workplace-/task-related antecedents identified. Overall, the findings highlight evidence gaps for several occupational groups and underscore the need for more objective fatigue measures, given its multidimensional nature.

    The effectiveness of using virtual reality training environments for procedural training in fourth-generation airliners

    M.E. McCullins, S. Hampton, S.G. Fussell, K. Kiernan, J. Thropp

    The Aeronautical Journal

    Research on VR training in aviation is growing, yet its applicability to airline procedural training for maintenance technicians remains underexplored. Because recurrent engine-run training for FAA-certified Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) technicians does not require motion cues, VR offers a viable alternative that could reduce reliance on Full Flight Simulator (FFS) time. Guided by a competency-based training model and instructional theory, this experimental study assigned 100 A&P technicians to three groups: an FFS-trained control group and two VR-trained groups (with and without prior VR experience). All participants were then evaluated in the FFS. Training effectiveness was assessed using overall, psychomotor, and cognitive Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) scores, along with time to task completion. A Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) showed that VR-trained technicians performed at equivalent levels to those trained in the FFS, while total engine-run experience significantly influenced performance. Given new training programs must be certified and demonstrate an Equivalent Level of Safety (ELOS) before possible deployment at a flight training school or facility, this study provides a framework for evaluating both ELOS and the effectiveness of VR-based procedural training for A&P technicians.

    Cognitive Load in Novice UAV Pilots: A Preliminary fNIRS Investigation

    Xiaochuan Zou, Xinyu Liu, Kun Wang, Tao Cheng & Peijiang Zhang

    International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction

    How does cognitive load affect the performance of novice UAV pilots? The authors examined this question by having 26 participants (18 male, 8 female) complete single-task and dual-task flights using a consumer-grade drone, DJI Neo. In the single-task condition, pilots took off from a designated area, ascended to 1 meter, entered the flight zone through an initial ring, and performed an overhead alignment task by flying over nine obstacles. They completed two laps of the course before returning through another ring to the start and landing area. In the dual-task condition, pilots flew a modified version of the single-task while performing a 1-back task to induce cognitive load. Every six seconds, they were presented with a number and had to determine whether it matched the previous one; when a match occurred, they were required to change the drone's altitude. Results showed that pilots maintained alignment accuracy during dual-tasking but resorted to compensatory strategies, such as flying more slowly and minimizing control inputs, suggesting effective operator attention allocation under increased cognitive demands. Dual-tasking also resulted in elevated perceived workload, reflected in higher NASA-TLX scores, and increased prefrontal activation, particularly in the inferior prefrontal cortex. Sliding-window analyses further revealed transient increases in interhemispheric connectivity during early phases of the dual-task. These findings offer insight into pilot performance under high cognitive load and provide implications for research on takeover scenarios and for designing human–machine interfaces that better support operators during highly demanding conditions.

    Enhancing performance feedback in computer-based aviation training simulations

    Xi Wang, Xu Sun, Xingda Qu, Yifan Kang, Ruiheng Lan, Cheng Yao & Yoke Chin Lai

    Ergonomics

    Personal Computer Aviation Training Devices (PCATDs) provide a low-cost platform for learning and practicing tasks such as instrument flying and procedural skills. This study examined how feedback can enhance performance in PCATD-based training. The authors developed a prototype system and evaluated it with 29 pilots in a laboratory setting, assessing the effects of feedback timing, granularity, type, and content on training outcomes. Results showed that shorter feedback intervals and more detailed feedback improved performance, while adaptive feedback appeared to be promising.

    ASTG Business Meeting

    We held our annual business meeting on November 20th, where Nayara Faria, Rodrigo Rose, and Philippe DP presented the major highlights and achievements from the past year. Our TG continues to grow steadily, now reaching over 433 members-more than double our 2022 membership. We are also pleased to report a stable year-over-year budget, with $28,197 currently available. 


    You can access the full PowerPoint presentation and watch the meeting recording on our YouTube channel.

    #ICYM - Webinar BETA Technologies

    The team at BETA Technologies – Adam Lowe, Tyler Prather, Tyler Seeholzer, and our very own Rodrigo Rose! – presented their electrical aircraft and the smart interface design they put in place for energy management. The team also addressed the new performance-based regulation for part 23 aircraft.


    If you missed the live session, the full webinar is available on YouTube-perfect to catch up on over the Thanksgiving break.

    Time to renew your membership

    We hope you've been enjoying the content and activities we provide through ASTG. A reminder that ASTG membership renewal is open until January 31st. After that date, access to the user forum, newsletter, webinars, and upcoming events will lapse. At just $6 per year, ASTG membership remains an excellent value for the resources and community engagement it offers.


    It's also a great moment to renew your HFES Society membership. Use promo code 20-OFF-2026 at checkout to receive a $20 discount-applicable to renewing Full, Affiliate, and Associate members only.


    You can renew directly through the HFES portal: my.hfes.org/become-a-member


    Please note that ASTG and HFES memberships are independent. You may be an ASTG member without being an HFES member, and vice versa.

    In the news

    By Philippe D-P and Srishti Rawal, from Polytechnique Montreal


    Air traffic management

    A new bill proposes to keep funding air traffic controllers during government shutdowns. The legislation, sponsored by members of both parties, would make available to the FAA a $2.6 billion fund to keep paying ATC employees in case of a government shutdown. The money is coming from the Aviation Funding Insolvency Act that was put in place after 9/11 to cover airline expenses for aircraft commandeered during wartime or military operations. Being unused, this program was terminated in 2014, but interest accumulation has increased to make it a sizable fund. In the last week of this past shutdown, the FAA restricted flights from 40 airports to the country due to controller absences.


    An AI assistant for air traffic management. FAA's air traffic managers are tasked with overseeing the overall flow of traffic across the country - and ensuring any small delays don't cascade into a widespread outage. The University of Michigan is developing large language models to make this task easier. They could also be used to train managers on unusual scenarios.


    Autonomy

    Aurora Flight Sciences Develops Adaptive Human-Machine Interface for UAS Operations. Aurora Flight Sciences is building FARSIGHT, an adaptive human-machine interface that uses cognitive sensing and autonomous algorithms to tailor information delivery and to support pilots in managing multiple drones.


    Aviation

    Bombardier Global 8000 Gets Type Certification from Transport Canada - The newest business jet of the Canadian aircraft manufacturer just got its type certification from Transport Canada, while the company is working to obtain similar approvals from the FAA and EASA. The Global 8000 is an ultra-long-range model and has a maximum range of - you guessed it! - 8,000 nm. Bombardier also announced a reduced cabin altitude of 2,691 feet at FL410, making it the lowest of any in-production aircraft. For memory, the Global 7500 obtained its type certification seven years before, in Fall of 2018.

    Gogo Commercial Aviation has begun flight trials of its 5G air-to-ground connectivity system on a Pilatus PC-24, targeting speeds up to 80 Mbps, an impressive leap for in-flight internet. The 40–50 hour test campaign spans multiple regions across the U.S. and includes real-world use cases like streaming and video calls. Once validated, Gogo plans to seek FAA approval for its Avance LX5 and X3 systems, aiming for a commercial rollout by year-end.

    ZeroAvia and Hybrid Air Vehicles are partnering to bring the ZA600 hydrogen-electric propulsion system to the Airlander 10, marking its first application on a non-fixed-wing platform. The Airlander's large hull offers enough volume for practical hydrogen storage, making it a useful test case for future zero-emission operations. With ZA600 already advancing toward certification on the Dornier 228 and targeting the Caravan next, this collaboration gives a clearer picture of how early hydrogen technologies might scale across very different aircraft types.

    Electric

    Joby Hybrid VTOL aircraft completed its first flight. Joby has carried out the inaugural flight of its new hybrid-powered autonomous aircraft, advancing preparations for operational trials with potential users such as U.S. government agencies next year. Derived from the S4 eVTOL but refitted with a gas-turbine hybrid system and equipped with Joby's SuperPilot autonomy suite, the aircraft will be built by Joby and adapted by L3Harris for defense missions ranging from contested resupply to autonomous wingman support.


    Defence

    In-flight Training using Augmented Reality (AR) for Apache Pilots. For the first time, military pilots will be able to train in-flight simulated combat missions using AR. Red 6 completed integrating their AR systems on Boeing AH64E Apache. The pilot sees the AR through a special lens on the pilot's helmet visor, and the information is visible even on a sunny day. The software can simulate one-on-one fighter jet combat and larger engagements, as well as logistics missions for tanker training. Scenarios can be preprogrammed, instructor-led or generated by artificial intelligence.


    The Global Combat Air Program (GCAP) is a joint initiative between Italy, Japan, and the UK to develop a sixth-generation fighter for the future needs of the three partner nations and attract export orders. It finds its root in the Mitsubishi F-X program to develop its own stealth fighter jet afterJapan failed to acquire the F-22 due to U.S. trade restrictions. GCAP targets an entry into service around 2035. The program will have to be on its feet quickly, as Boeing has already started flight testing the F-47, its 6th-gen fighter.


    Embraer adds counter-drone missions to A-29 Super Tucano. The turboprop light-attack aircraft is being transformed  into a dedicated counter-drone platform, using electro-optical or IR sensors to provide identification, tracking, and laser designation of UAS targets. The aircraft can then engage drones using laser-guided rockets or its machine guns. For once, the low speed of the turboprop is an advantage to engage with equally slow UAS, when compared to fighter jets that tend to be too fast and use too expensive rockets to counter expandable drones.


    Space

    Reflect Orbital plans to launch thousands of satellites with mirrors to redirect sunlight to solar farms at night. In a scenario that seems coming straight out of HBO Silicon Valley, the California startup Reflect Orbital applied to the FCC to launch a first satellite in 2026 with a 59-ft wide reflector that will beam the sunlight back to Earth at nighttime, illuminating a surface of 3 miles in diameter. This "technology demonstrator" is used to collect data and validate the concept of operations. If successful, the company plans to launch a constellation of about 4,000 satellites by 2030 that would be able to direct sunlight back to Earth to its paying customers, whenever, wherever. One would add that it gives a new sense to SAAS (Sun as a Service). The startup received $20 M in venture capital backed by Lux Capital and Sequoia Capital, so it seems serious in its ambition. Astronomers question the usefulness of such a project and worry about its impacts on telescope observations. 




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    Philippe Doyon-Poulin, for the ASTG leadership
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